Missy Elliott
Missy Elliott's signature single is a maximalist celebration of sexual confidence and self-invention, built on a literal sonic…
sexual agency self-invention and reinvention female solidarity and hustle
Dolly Parton
A direct plea from one woman to another, sung by a narrator who feels powerless against a rival's beauty and her partner's…
romantic insecurity female rivalry and solidarity powerlessness
Gang Starr
A boastful street-level anthem built around the double meaning of 'work' as both hustle/grind and criminal labor, delivered with…
hustler ethic street surveillance and paranoia status and reputation
Taylor Swift
A bright, bubblegum pop track that pivots halfway through from scolding online trolls to a broader plea for LGBTQ acceptance.…
online harassment LGBTQ solidarity celebrity feuds
Uncle Tupelo
A grim, working-class dirge about exhaustion and dead ends, delivered in the voice of someone addressing a person on the verge…
industrial despair class fatigue futility versus endurance
Emmylou Harris
Emmylou Harris narrates the entire life of a childhood friend from rural Alabama, from adolescence to an early, unremarked…
rural poverty thwarted ambition female friendship
The Replacements
A quietly tender ballad from a famously loud punk band, this song imagines two gender-nonconforming lovers with a gentleness…
gender nonconformity acceptance and tolerance love as constancy
Aretha Franklin
Aretha Franklin's reworking of a song originally about a working man asking for domestic peace turns it into a declaration of…
self-respect reciprocity in relationships female autonomy
Neil Young
A middle-aged narrator recalls a woman he once admired for her restlessness and beauty, now settled into domestic life but still…
nostalgia freedom versus domesticity female mythology/idealization
Mott the Hoople
A glam-rock anthem that gathers a cast of restless, damaged teenagers and turns their drift into a rallying cry. Bowie's song,…
youth disaffection generational divide glam identity and androgyny
Bessie Smith
Bessie Smith delivers a blues complaint about a lover who has gotten money and forgotten who stood by him when he had none. It's…
betrayal after success female self-respect economic power shifting a relationship
Betty Davis
Betty Davis takes the insults an ex has thrown at her -- witch, alley cat, dirty dog -- and turns them into a badge of honor,…
sexual autonomy reclaiming slurs female desire vs. respectability
Gillian Welch
A short, circling song about a young woman stalling against the pressure to settle down—marriage, respectability, the expected…
deferred adulthood female autonomy vs. domestic expectation escape and mobility
Sonic Youth
A satirical dialogue between a rock star's ego and a skeptical female voice, "Kool Thing" stages a flirtation that curdles into…
gender and power celebrity worship racial politics